The voices / 73 fragments
Baruch Spinoza
1632 AD — 1677 AD
Spinoza connects error with inadequate ideas and examines how reciprocated hatred intensifies feeling. Read these propositions through their proofs and definitions rather than as isolated promises about knowledge or relationships.
Author and source reference ↗Life and writing
The catalogue identifies Benedictus de Spinoza with lifetime years 1632–1677 and names R. H. M. Elwes as translator of Ethics. The linked Gutenberg author record explicitly lists Espinosa, Baruch de as an alias, supporting the connection to this existing Baruch Spinoza label without changing or merging archive identities. Tom Sharpe and Al Haines receive text and HTML credits. The catalogue HTML ISBN identifies the electronic English edition, not the original Latin work or its composition date.
Project Gutenberg catalogue — Ethics ↗Checked related reading — Ethics ↗Project Gutenberg author record — Benedictus de Spinoza ↗ Catalogue identity/lifetime and linked edition credits, framing or cast
Part II, Proposition XXXV defines falsity in relation to inadequate, fragmentary or confused ideas. Its proof distinguishes this account from simple ignorance and depends on earlier propositions. Part III, Proposition XLIII argues that reciprocated hatred increases hatred and that love can counter it, again within the book’s geometric demonstration. These are claims in a systematic philosophy; the second is not a guarantee that affectionate behaviour ends abuse or makes a relationship safe. Both complete selected extracts match this English translation, while other archive sayings under the name remain outside this comparison.
Checked related reading — Ethics ↗ Part III, Proposition XLIII; reciprocated hatred and love; Part II, Proposition XXXV; inadequate ideas and falsity
Reading this voice
Read each proposition together with its proof and the earlier references it invokes. Follow how definitions of ideas and affects shape the claims. Do not treat the statement about hatred as an instruction to remain in an unsafe situation.
Subjects to explore
Editorial reading connections, distinct from the archive’s word matching.
A work to read
Begin with these archive passages
Editorial starting points from this author’s existing entries.
Profile sources and editorial status
Original agent-assisted editorial profile, checked 2026-10-05. No human review is recorded. Life dates are recorded to the year; they do not date individual quotations.
- Project Gutenberg catalogue — Ethics ↗
Checked identity/lifetime, specific digital edition, any supplied HTML ISBN and US-public-domain basis. Automatic synopsis and digital dates do not establish quotation wording or composition dates. Reference checked 2026-10-05.
- Checked related reading — Ethics ↗
Complete selected English extracts, adjacent speaker/context and available edition credits checked. Limited normalization; no whole-corpus authentication or human review. Reference checked 2026-10-05.
- Project Gutenberg author record — Benedictus de Spinoza ↗
Explicit Baruch/Benedictus alias checked; no merge of separate archive labels or independent quotation authentication. Reference checked 2026-10-05.