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VHVictor Hugo

Victor Hugo

Life dates: 1802 AD — 1885 AD

Hugo places a defence of beauty beside the loss of Jean Valjean’s name in prison. Read the bishop’s reply and the narrator’s account in their separate scenes of usefulness and human dignity.

▷ Play this voiceSearch these words ↗Place in time ↗lovelifehappinessdeathmindfaithcouragepeace

Life and writing

The catalogue identifies Victor Hugo with lifetime years 1802–1885 and names Isabel Florence Hapgood as translator of this English Les Misérables. Judith Boss and David Widger receive digital credits. The selected passages come from the opening volume, Fantine, and concern different figures. The catalogue HTML ISBN belongs to the electronic edition. The linked reading does not establish an original print publisher or independently authenticate every archive attribution to Hugo.

When Madame Magloire proposes replacing flowers with useful vegetables, the bishop replies that the beautiful is useful too. That remark belongs to a conversation about his garden. The account of Jean Valjean’s arrival at Toulon, by contrast, is narrated: imprisonment replaces his name with a number after his separation from his family. The scenes connect dignity with both everyday choices and institutions. Neither should be treated as a direct autobiographical statement by Hugo or a universal description of prison procedure. The two selected extracts match the checked English text.

Reading this voice

Read the garden exchange through the bishop’s reply, then the account of Valjean’s separation and imprisonment. Notice the different voices: a character defending flowers and a narrator describing the effacement of a person’s name.

Subjects to explore

Words to begin with

Quotations and sayings

01c. 1843 AD
Civil war... What did the words mean? Was there any such thing as 'foreign war'? Was not all warfare between men warfare between brothers? Wars could only be defined by their aims. There were no 'foreign' or 'civil' wars, only wars that were just or unjust. Until the great universal concord could be arrived at, warfare, at least when it was the battle between the urgent future and the dragging past, might be unavoidable. How could such a war be condemned? War is not shameful, nor the sword-thrust a stab in the back, except when it serves to kill right and progress, reason, civilization, and truth. When this is war's purpose it maeks no difference whether it is civil or foreign war - it is a crime. Outside the sacred cause for justice, what grounds has one kind of war for denigrating another? By what right does the sword of Washington despise the pike of Camille Desmoulins? Which is the greater - Leonidas fighting the foreign enemy or Timoleon slaying the tyrant who was his brother? One was a defender, the other a liberator. Are we to condemn every resort to arms that takes place within the citadel, without concerning ourselves with its aim?
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16c. 1843 AD
To write the poem of the human conscience, were it only of a single man, were it only of the most infamous of men, would be to swallow up all epics in a superior and final epic. The conscience is the chaos of chimeras, of lusts and of temptations, the furnace of dreams, the cave of the ideas which are our shame; it is the pandemonium of sophisms, the battlefield of the passions. At certain hours, penetrate within the livid face of a human being who reflects, and look at what lies behind; look into that soul, look into that obscurity. There, beneath the external silence, there are combats of giants as in Homer, mêlées of dragons and hydras, and clouds of phantoms as in Milton, ghostly labyrinths as in Dante. What a gloom enwraps that infinite which each man bears within himself, and by which he measures in despair the desires of his will, and the actions of his life!
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23c. 1843 AD
This light of history is pitiless; it has a strange and divine quality that, luminous as it is, and precisely because it is luminous, often casts a shadow just where we saw a radiance; out of the same man it makes two different phantoms, and the one attacks and punishes the other, the darkness of the despot struggles with the splendor of the captain. Hence a truer measure in the final judgment of the nations. Babylon violated diminishes Alexander; Rome enslaved diminishes Caesar; massacred Jerusalem diminishes Titus. Tyranny follows the tyrant. Woe to the man who leaves behind a shadow that bears his form.
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