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1. Man at his birth is supple and weak; at his death, firm and strong. (So it is with) all things. Trees and plants, in their early growth, are soft and brittle; at their death, dry and withered. 2. Thus it is that firmness and strength are the concomitants of death; softness and weakness, the concomitants of life. 3. Hence he who (relies on) the strength of his forces does not conquer; and a tree which is strong will fill the out-stretched arms, (and thereby invites the feller.) 4. Therefore the place of what is firm and strong is below, and that of what is soft and weak is above.

1. Man at his birth is supple and weak; at his death, firm and strong. (So it is with) all things. Trees and plants, in their early growth, are soft and brittle; at their death, dry and withered. 2. Thus it is that firmness and strength are the concomitants of death; softness and weakness, the concomitants of life. 3. Hence he who (relies on) the strength of his forces does not conquer; and a tree which is strong will fill the out-stretched arms, (and thereby invites the feller.) 4. Therefore the place of what is firm and strong is below, and that of what is soft and weak is above.

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Attribution & collection notes
Author or tradition
Laozi (traditional attribution)
Attribution: attributed
Country attributed
Not established
A country attribution does not establish the earliest origin.
Historical period
Historical period not yet established
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Recorded source
The Tao Teh King, or the Tao and its Characteristics (James Legge English translation)

Complete printed chapter 76; James Legge translation; Undated digitized James Legge English edition; printed publication year/publisher not supplied in this cached text

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The voice behind the words.

Laozi (traditional attribution): Ming-dynasty depiction; not a lifetime portrait

Traditional attribution of the Tao Teh King, represented here by complete numbered chapters in James Legge’s English translation. Historical identity, authorship and dates are disputed; no lifetime or composition year is assigned. Read within the transmitted text, rather than treating traditional attribution as independent verification.

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