Historical painted likenessAnonymous artist · Public domain73 collected words
Baruch Spinoza
Life dates: 1632 AD — 1677 AD
Spinoza connects error with inadequate ideas and examines how reciprocated hatred intensifies feeling. Read these propositions through their proofs and definitions rather than as isolated promises about knowledge or relationships.
Life and writing
The catalogue identifies Benedictus de Spinoza with lifetime years 1632–1677 and names R. H. M. Elwes as translator of Ethics. The linked Gutenberg author record explicitly lists Espinosa, Baruch de as an alias, supporting the connection to this existing Baruch Spinoza label without changing or merging archive identities. Tom Sharpe and Al Haines receive text and HTML credits. The catalogue HTML ISBN identifies the electronic English edition, not the original Latin work or its composition date.
Part II, Proposition XXXV defines falsity in relation to inadequate, fragmentary or confused ideas. Its proof distinguishes this account from simple ignorance and depends on earlier propositions. Part III, Proposition XLIII argues that reciprocated hatred increases hatred and that love can counter it, again within the book’s geometric demonstration. These are claims in a systematic philosophy; the second is not a guarantee that affectionate behaviour ends abuse or makes a relationship safe. Both complete selected extracts match this English translation, while other archive sayings under the name remain outside this comparison.
Reading this voice
Read each proposition together with its proof and the earlier references it invokes. Follow how definitions of ideas and affects shape the claims. Do not treat the statement about hatred as an instruction to remain in an unsafe situation.
Subjects to explore
Words to begin with
Profile sources and editorial notes
Agent-assisted editorial profile, updated 2026-10-05. A human reviewer is not recorded. Biographical context does not independently authenticate every quotation attributed to this person.
- Project Gutenberg catalogue — Ethics ↗
Checked identity/lifetime, specific digital edition, any supplied HTML ISBN and US-public-domain basis. Automatic synopsis and digital dates do not establish quotation wording or composition dates. Checked 2026-10-05.
- Checked related reading — Ethics ↗
Complete selected English extracts, adjacent speaker/context and available edition credits checked. Limited normalization; no whole-corpus authentication or human review. Checked 2026-10-05.
- Project Gutenberg author record — Benedictus de Spinoza ↗
Explicit Baruch/Benedictus alias checked; no merge of separate archive labels or independent quotation authentication. Checked 2026-10-05.
